An 1895 illustration of normal vision and various kinds of color blindness - - Color blindness, or deficiency, is the inability or decreased ability to see, or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions. Delfino Bambaren Pdf Merge. Color blindness affects a significant percentage of the population.

There is no actual blindness but there is a deficiency of color vision. The most usual cause is a fault in the development of one or more sets of that perceive color in light and transmit that information to the. This type of color blindness is usually a condition.

The genes that produce are carried on the X chromosome; if some of these genes are missing or damaged, color blindness will be expressed in males with a higher probability than in females because males only have one X chromosome (in females, a functional gene on only one of the two X chromosomes is sufficient to yield the needed photopigments). Color blindness can also be produced by physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, or parts of the brain. For example, people with suffer from a completely different disorder, but are nevertheless unable to see colors.

The first scientific paper on this subject, Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours, was published by the English chemist in 1798 after the realization of his own color blindness. Because of Dalton's work, the general condition has been called daltonism, although in English this term is now used only for.

Color blindness is usually classified as a mild disability, however there are occasional circumstances where it can give an advantage. Some studies conclude that color blind people are better at penetrating certain color camouflages. Such findings may give an evolutionary reason for the high prevalence of red–green color blindness.

There is also a study suggesting that people with some types of color blindness can distinguish colors that people with normal color vision are not able to distinguish. Main article: Color blindness affects a large number of individuals, with protanopia and deuteranopia being the most common types. In individuals with Northern European ancestry, as many as 8 percent of men and 0.4 percent of women experience congenital colour deficiency. The typical human contains two kinds of light cells: the () and the (). Normally, there are three kinds of cone cells, each containing a different pigment, which are activated when the pigments absorb light.

The of the cones differ; one is most sensitive to short wavelengths, one to medium wavelengths, and the third to medium-to-long wavelengths within the, with their peak sensitivities in the blue, green, and yellow-green regions of the spectrum, respectively. The absorption spectra of the three systems overlap, and combine to cover the visible spectrum.